Cigarette harm the health, the fact is we can not deny. Many diseases have proven to be poor due to smoke, either directly or indirectly. Adverse effects of smoking were already clearly known. Many studies have shown that smoking increases the risk of various diseases. Such as heart disease and blood vessel disorders, lung cancer, oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, cancer osefagus, bronchitis, high blood pressure, impotence, and pregnancy disorders and defects in the fetus. The habit of smoking is not only detrimental to the smoker, but also to those around them.
Currently the number of smokers, especially adolescent smokers continue to grow, especially in developing countries. This condition is a challenge for efforts to improve public health. Even the world health organization (WHO) has warned that in the decade from 2020 to 2030 tobacco will kill 10 million people per year, 70% of which occur in developing countries.
Gaseous components of cigarette smoke is carbon monoxide, ammonia, hydrocyanic acid, nitrogen oxides, and formaldehyde. Particles in the form of tar, indole, nicotine, karbarzol, and cresol. These substances are toxic, irritating, and cause cancer (carcinogens). Cigarette smoke particles, such benzopiren, dibenzopiren, and urethane, known as a carcinogen. Also associated with the risk of cancer. Compared with nonsmokers, the possibility arises of lung cancer in smokers reach 10-30 times more often.
Smoking can cause changes in the structure and function of the airways and lung tissue. In the large airways, mucous cells enlarge (hypertrophy) and multiply mucus glands (hyperplasia). In small airways, mild inflammation occurs due to narrowing and buildup of mucus cells increased. In lung tissue, an increase in the number of inflammatory cells and damage to the alveoli. Due to changes in airway anatomy, the smoker will arise changes in lung function with all sorts of clinical symptoms. This became the main basis of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease. It said smoking is a major cause of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, including pulmonary emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. The relationship between smoking and lung cancer has been investigated in the last 4-5 decades.
The effects on cardiac Many studies have shown a link smoking with coronary heart disease (CHD). Of the 11 million deaths a year in industrialized countries, the WHO reports that more than half (6 million) due to impaired blood circulation, in which 2.5 million were coronary heart disease and 1.5 million are stroke. MOH survey in 1986 and 1992, gaining an increase in deaths from heart disease of 9.7 percent (the third level) to 16 percent (first level). Smoking a major factor in cardiovascular disease is. Not just cause coronary heart disease, smoking is also bad for the brain and the peripheral blood vessels. Smokers exhaled smoke can be divided into main stream and smoke (side stream smoke). The main smoke is tobacco smoke that is inhaled directly by smokers, while the addition of smoke is tobacco smoke that spread into the air, to be inhaled by others or passive smokers.
Nicotine interfere with the sympathetic nervous system due to increased myocardial oxygen demand. In addition to addictive smoking, nicotine also stimulates the release of adrenaline, increased heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen consumption of the heart, and cause heart rhythm disturbances. Nicotine also affect the nervous system, brain, and many other body parts. Nicotine activate platelet adhesion with consequent emergence of platelets (clotting) to blood vessel walls. Carbon monoxide cause desaturation of hemoglobin, reducing the oxygen directly to tissues throughout the body including infarction.
CO took the place of oxygen in hemoglobin, interfering with the release of oxygen, and accelerated atherosclerosis (calcification / thickening of blood vessel walls). Thus, CO lowered physical exercise capacity, increased blood viscosity, making it easier for blood clotting. Nicotine, CO, and other substances in cigarette smoke proved damaging endothelial (blood vessel wall), and facilitate the emergence of blood clots. In addition, cigarette smoke affects the profile lemak.Dibandingkan with nonsmokers, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood of smokers is higher, whereas HDL cholesterol was lower.
Coronary heart disease is proving to be the biggest risk factor for sudden death in smokers. The risk of coronary heart disease increased by 2-4 times in smokers compared with nonsmokers. This risk increases with age and number of cigarettes smoked. Research shows that smoking risk factors work synergistically with other factors, such as hypertension, lipid levels or high blood sugar, the action of coronary heart disease.
Stroke Blockage of the blood vessels of the brain that are sudden or stroke associated with smoking a lot. The risk of stroke and the risk of death is higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers.
Immune impairment in smokers initiated more easily exposed to AIDS so that quitting smoking is important in defensive measure against AIDS. Now more and more researched and reported on the ill effects of smoking on pregnant women, impotence, decreased immune individuals, including in people with viral hepatitis, gastrointestinal cancer, and others.
Mental health disorders. Smoking is closely related to disability and decreased quality of life. Teen smokers have twice the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms than teens who do not smoke. Active smokers were more likely to have panic attacks than those who do not smoke many studies proving that smoking and depression are interrelated relationships. Depression causes people to smoke and smokers usually have symptoms of depression and anxiety (anxiety). Most people with depression said they had smoked in his life.
The study of smoking and reproduction were carried out during the past 2 decades it was concluded that smoking can cause damage to the reproductive system of a person starts from puberty to adulthood.
Women who smoke have relatively less likely to have a child. he will have 2 times the risk of infertility (infertile) and run the risk of DNA damage in sperm cells. While the results of studies in pregnant women increased incidence of miscarriage.
Women who smoke are likely to begin menopause before the age of 45 years and also make them face the risk of osteoporosis and heart disease.
Habits should attempt to stop smoking is the duty and responsibility of all levels of society for generations a better and healthier life.
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