Breast cancer (mammary carcinoma) is defined as a disease of malignant neoplasms derived from the parenchyma. The disease is the Word Health Organization (WHO) put in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) with code number 17. Pathophysiology
Transformation
Established cancer cells from normal cells in a complex process called transformation, consisting of initiation and promotion stages. Initiation phase In the initiation phase occurs a change in the cell’s genetic material into cells fishing malignant. Changes in the cell’s genetic material is caused by an agent called carcinogens, which could be chemicals, viruses, radiation (radiation) or sunlight. But not all cells have the same sensitivity to a carcinogen. genetic abnormalities in cells or material other so-called promoters, causing the cells more susceptible to the carcinogens. even hold physical impairments can make cells more sensitive to experience a malignancy.
Promotion phase
In the promotion stage, a cell that has undergone initiation will become malignant. Cells have passed the stage of initiation is not affected by the promotion. because it required some factor for the occurrence of malignancy (combination of sensitive cells and a carcinogen).
From various previous studies it is known that in order for cancer cells to spread, cells must transform themselves so that they can be detached from the primary tumor (place of origin early cancer cells) to spread to organs further away from the source. Changes it has been known that there is a protein molecule called versican the key to this process.
The spread of cancer cells to the organs of the origin of the tumor is an important issue given the almost the majority of human cancers that result in death stems from deployment cancer from the primary tumor. The spread is the result of cancer patients will entered a critical stage survival.
Researchers from Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, the Gao et al. (2012) identify how the deactivation (deactivation) versican can inhibit cells breast cancer to spread to the lungs and form secondary tumors. This study provide important insight into how the process of breast cancer metastasis to other organs such as the lungs and opens the way to prevent the spread of this deadly.
The results of this study to be a very important input for the study of the spread of cancer. Pattern inhibition or interruption of the spread of cancer cells will become clear after research is published. In addition, the importance of this study also opens the way to start application of the spread of cancer other than inhibition of breast cancer.
The process of cancer metastasis to organs that are not the origin of the cancer to be more open for study after study. Many alleged that the cancer cells will be highly mobile (active), has the ability to explore all organs of the body through the blood circulation, after the cells were detached from the primary cells, place cells cancer originated.
When you find a lump, a doctor may recommend for examination mammografie. Mammografie is by means of X-ray examination of the breast and is an examination of how a simple, painless, and only takes 5-10 minutes.
The best time to undergo mammografie was a week after completion menstruation. The trick is to put the alternate breasts between 2 sheets of pedestal, X-rays are then made from top to bottom and then from left to right. The images will be examined by a specialist radiologist. A lump of 0.25 cm can already be seen in mammogram.
Another way is with a small operation to take a sample of tissue (biopsy) of the lump it, and then examined under a microscope anatomic pathology laboratory. If known and confirmed that the lump was cancerous, then the breast should be removed entirely for avoid spread to other parts of the body.
Who should undergo mammografie?
Women older than 50 years.
Women who have a mother or sister who had breast cancer.
Women who had undergone removal of one breast. Women in this group must be in strict control.
Women who have never given birth children. Apparently the group is often found offensive breast cancer.
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